Please enable JavaScript!Bitte aktiviere JavaScript!S'il vous plaît activer JavaScript!Por favor,activa el JavaScript!antiblock.org, Primary Health Care: Definition, Goals, Principles and Strategies, The World’s 10 Deadliest Health Disasters. © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins “Capital” vs. “Capitol”: Do You Know Where You’re Going? It Was Designed To Make People Responsible For What They Eat. B. Genetics : inheritance plays a part in determining lifespan, healthiness and the likelihood of developing certain illnesses. Four main areas of financial health … Which of the following is the best definition of the term “annual health insurance deductible?" The correct bibliographic citation for the definition is: Preamble to the Constitution of the World Health Organization as adopted by the International Health Conference, New York, 19-22 June, 1946; signed on 22 July 1946 by the representatives of 61 States (Official Records of the World Health … Among all registered voters, Biden is narrowly seen as more trusted on health care, by seven percentage points. As for the actual health benefits of rice cakes, like so many other foods marketed as “better for you,” they’re really just that — marketing. IT IS THE NUMBER OF CLAIMS FILED BY WORKERS WHO ARE NO LONGER WITH THE ORGANIZATION Which of the following statements most accurately reflects employer-required benefits that must be provided under the Family Medical Leave Act (FMLA)? Public Health Nigeria Public Health Nigeria an Interdisciplinary public health movement focused on health education, advancing fair public health policies, promoting fitness, healthy diets, responsible behavior, community health and general wellbeing. Big data is a field that treats ways to analyze, systematically extract information from, or otherwise deal with data sets that are too large or complex to be dealt with by traditional data-processing application software.Data with many cases (rows) offer greater statistical power, while data with higher complexity (more attributes or columns) may lead to a higher false discovery rate. ♦ Association Health Plans – This term is sometimes used loosely to refer to any health plan sponsored by an association. Long-term care b. Since then only few of the publications believed on the definition of health and its evolution in the first 6 decades. A. And then I lived too low, I fear; and any way I have got pretty low and out at elbows in health. The current WHO definition of health, formulated in 1948, describes health as “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” 1 At that time this formulation was groundbreaking because of its breadth and ambition. Which of the following best describes the two ways in which the term "quality of life" is used in the field of health services administration? The person’s individual characteristics and behaviors. b. Health is a resource for everyday life, not the objective of living; it is a positive concept, emphasizing social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities”. Or do you just have an interest in foreign languages? They apply these skills either to make sense of health information and services or provide health information and services to others.Anyone who needs health information and services also needs health literacy skills to 1. Smoking is responsible for almost all cases of sinusitis in the United States. Later amendments are incorporated into this text. Health literacy skills are those people use to realize their potential in health situations. Physical environment : safe water and clean air, healthy workplaces, safe houses, communities and roads all contribute to good health. b. Citing audiences’ health and safety as a top priority, The Kennedy Center is moving most planned programming to spring of 2021 and beyond. Only when a loved one dies. Although this definition was welcomed by some as being innovative, it was also criticized as being vague, excessively broad and was not construed as measurable. A diagnostic and treatment process that a clinician should follow for a certain type of patient, illness, or clinical circumstance. d. A complete storage of data used for day-to-day decisions For a long time, it was set aside as an impractical ideal and most discussions of health returned to the practicality of the biomedical model. a. It states that: The enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is one of the fundamental rights of every human being without distinction of race, religion, political belief, economic or social condition. Dictionary.com Unabridged (1) How satisfied an individual is with his or her experiences while receiving care and (2) an individual's behavioral and lifestyle determinants of health. Capacity is the potential a person has to do or accomplish something. Here are, If you are focused on building muscle, you have to buckle lower and get started off. WHO states that it remains firmly committed to the principles set out in the preamble to the Constitution which adopted by the International Health Conference held in New York from 19 June to 22 July 1946, signed on 22 July 1946 by the representatives of 61 States and entered into force on 7 April 1948. Employment and working conditions – people in employment are healthier, particularly those who have more control over their working conditions. Copyright © 2002, 2001, 1995 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Personal behavior and coping skills – balanced eating, keeping active, smoking, drinking, and how we deal with life’s stresses and challenges all affect health. The clause in an Accident and Health policy which defines the benefit amounts the insurer will pay is called the Insuring clause Contestable clause He turned his attention to Pomerania, though the injuries his health had suffered drove him to take the waters at Carlsbad. Not sure if you or someone you know is living with mental health problems? The American Heritage® Idioms Dictionary A state of emotional and psychological well-being in which an individual is able to use his or her cognitive and emotional capabilities, function in society, and meet the ordinary demands of everyday life. Mental health problems are common but help is available. C. Copyright © 2002, 2001, 1995 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Which of the following best describes a data warehouse? A. Which I know can be scary for civilians — the idea that their police or health department needs military backup. A large storage of data used for strategic decision support. Which of the following best describes when an individual can experience the stages of grief? Are you learning Spanish? In 1984, WHO brought in a new conception of health, not as a state, but in dynamic terms of resiliency, in other words, as “a resource for living”. He beat his illness twice, wrote about his battles with the disease, and continued broadcasting even as his health was failing. The greater the gap between the richest and poorest people, the greater the differences in health. The context of people’s lives determine their health, and so blaming individuals for having poor health or crediting them for good health is inappropriate. Conditionally renewable Noncancellable Guaranteed renewable Nonrenewable. soundness of body or mind; freedom from disease or ailment: to have one's health; to lose one's health. C. Dimensions of wellness are interrelated. In this article, you can expect to read about depression and what ca, Red Devil Xanax: Everything You Should Know (R666), WHO issues its first emergency use validation for a COVID-19 vaccine and emphasizes need for equitable global access, COVID-19: One year later – WHO Director-General’s new year message, Behavioural considerations for acceptance and uptake of COVID-19 vaccines. Whether people are healthy or not, is determined by their circumstances and environment. During private conversations with family. Soundness, especially of body or mind; freedom from disease or abnormality. People with mental health problems can get better and many recover completely. Some theorists claim and argue that these concepts are value-free and descriptive in the same sense as the concepts of atom, metal and rain are value-free and descriptive. Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012. How White Peony Is Used For Breast Growth, List of Nutraceutical Companies In Malaysia, The negative effects of improperly managing your diabetic issues are incredibly severe. The word health refers to a state of complete emotional and physical well-being. The halo effect is a psychology term that describes giving positive attributes to a person based on a first impression, whether or not they deserve those positive attributes. Experiencing one or more of the following feelings or behaviors can be an early warning sign of a problem: The extension to all peoples of the benefits of medical, psychological and related knowledge is essential to the fullest attainment of health. During any type of major loss. Stress can initiate the "fight or flight" response, a complex reaction of neurologic and endocrinologic systems. Medical Definition of Health Medical Author: Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD Health: As officially defined by the World Health Organization, a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Which of the following is important in maintaining a healthy lifestyle? Group of answer choices. Mobilizing the National Guard Doesn’t Mean Your State Is Under Martial Law. Many factors combine together to affect the health of individuals and communities. Individuals are unlikely to be able to directly control many of the determinants of health. WHO, Save The Children, FHI, Are Recruiting For These Positions - Public Health, How To Spot Fake Green Xanax Bars [S 90 3 Fake] - Public Health, Researching depressive disorders can be quite overpowering, but it is also very easily investigated and put on a patient. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. The ability to recover from an illness B. mental health n. 1. a. Laying Down The Law On “Sedition” vs. “Treason” vs. “Insurrection” vs. “Coup”. health-related quality of life Which of the following best describes wellness? Developing muscular bulk C. Monitoring your diet D. Exercising at least three hours each day 3. Healthy development of the child is of basic importance; the ability to live harmoniously in a changing total environment is essential to such development. Health is best defined as: A. the absence of disease B. the lack of the five Ds: death, disease, discomfort, disability, and dissatisfaction C. maximum physical well-being D. none of the above Which of the following is true of wellness? The Theme of This Year’s World AIDS Day is “Communities Make the Difference”. World Health Organization (WHO), defined Health as being “a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity” in 1948. Long-term … Now that you have found this selection of ideas, ideally you can come out a bit more informed with regards to healing depression, so. b. Traumatic injuries cause more deaths than heart disease and cancer. Usually. Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2021, Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition health as expanding consciousness a conceptual model of nursing formulated by Margaret A. newman which offers a paradigm based on the view of health as the undivided wholeness of the person in interaction with the environment. a polite or complimentary wish for a person's health, happiness, etc., especially as a toast: We drank a health to our guest of honor. Question: QUESTION 1 Which Of The Following Best Describes Purpose Of The National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)? But receiving the correct info and also the appropriate therapies can put, B705 Blue Pill Confusion Explained (Pictured), There is nothing at all that can compare with getting stressful news to truly throw you off and dissuade you in everyday life. Health Modifiers/Qualifiers. To say that a person has a certain disease or that he or she is unhealthy is thus to objectively describe this person. A risk will mean anything that can cause harm to the worker in the working environment; such as chemicals, electrical, radioactivity, biological hazards, employee behavior, and … vigor; vitality: economic health. Smokers are ill more frequently than nonsmokers. “Affect” vs. “Effect”: Use The Correct Word Every Time, The Most Surprisingly Serendipitous Words Of The Day, The Dictionary.com Word Of The Year For 2020 Is …, What You Need To Know About “Protester” vs. “Rioter” vs. “Terrorist” vs. “Mob”. Integrated health records are intended to be used in ambulatory settings c. Integrated health records include both paper forms and computer printouts d. integrated health record components are arranged in strict chronological order 36. Unequal development in different countries in the promotion of health and control of diseases, especially communicable disease, is a common danger. Either way, this quiz on Spanish words for animals is for you. Which term does the "Healthy People 2020" document use to describe the general sense of happiness and satisfaction with life? It also has a precise definition under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 that exempts from certain requirements insurers that sell insurance to small employers only through But medical experts say being able to take advantage of American health care almost certainly prolonged his life. Pressed on these claims Tuesday, the president falsely said he had already released a health plan. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. The four key concepts of her model are consciousness, movement, space, and time. Only if the individual is already depressed. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All trauma patients can be successfully rehabilitated. Why Do “Left” And “Right” Mean Liberal And Conservative? Does “Bimonthly” Mean Twice A Month Or Every Two Months? Informed opinion and active co-operation on the part of the public are of the utmost importance in the improvement of the health of the people. Health - Book Definition. a polite or complimentary wish for a person's health, happiness, etc., especially as a toast: the state of being bodily and mentally vigorous and free from disease, a toast to a person, wishing him or her good health, happiness, etc, of or relating to food or other goods reputed to be beneficial to the health, of or relating to health, esp to the administration of health, an exclamation wishing someone good health as part of a toast (in the phrases. Gender : Men and women suffer from different types of diseases at different ages. Beginning to smoke at age 15 cuts life expectancy in half. Mental health refers to people's cognitive, behavioral, and emotional well-being. Which of the following best defines the term traumatic injury? Social support networks : greater support from families, friends and communities is linked to better health. It's Purpose Is To Determine The Nutritional Status Of The Population And To Monitor Risk Behaviors Over Time. Why was he not strong in health and body like the people about him, and yet for whom did he wish to labor? A deductible is one type of “cost-sharing” feature often included in a health insurance policy. Evidence-based medicine expands the discussion of what constitutes _____. Mental, intellectual, emotional and social health referred to a person’s ability to handle stress, to acquire skills, to maintain relationships, all of which form resources for resiliency and independent living. Amputated limbs, blindness, and even feasible loss of life are what you need to enjoy if you do not control your condition. Which of the following BEST describes the long-term effects of tobacco use? Early Warning Signs. 23 (of 25). Poverty has been associated, for example, with poor health, low levels of education or skills, an inability or an unwillingness to work, high rates … The ability to endure a 30-minute workout C. The absence of disease D. Complete physical, mental, and emotional well-being 2. Make sure you read this report and give you, DBX-13 Review : Uses, Benefits, Side Effects, Pictures, Controversy, If the beginnings of your respective depressive disorders are rooted within your body’s biochemistry or situational variables, you can easily feel hopeless from time to time. Patient history questionnaires are most often used in: a. Here are several clever id, Cardarine (GW501516) Dosage: How to Use Cardarine, If you or somebody you know is experiencing major depression, it is crucial that they are aware the particulars of the situation to allow them to help make on their own feel much better. Which of the following BEST describes a short-term medical expense policy? Find information and services 2. Contemporary philosophy of health has been quite focused on the problem of determining the nature of the concepts of health, illness and disease from a scientific point of view. A person's overall emotional and psychological condition: Since witnessing the accident, his mental health has been poor. Broken in health and in fortune, he went to Colorado in 1879, where he remained seven years. You possibly will not notice a 6-pack down the road, but beginning nowadays is an essential thing to do when you wish to develop muscle tissue. Stresses can be external (from the environment, psychological, or social situations) or internal (illness, or from a medical procedure). Healthcare exists to help people maintain this optimal state of health. How to use communication in a sentence. Education : low education levels are linked with poor health, more stress and lower self-confidence. Also See: WHO Definition of Public Health. Your email address will not be published. A. A. Wellness is a dynamic process. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); World Health Organization defines health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Standard of care: 1. Can You Drink Alcohol While Taking Abortion Pill? Which of the following statements best describes the term "experience rate" system for determining an employer's unemployment tax rate? World Health Organization defines health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. The overall condition of an organism at a given time. The Rise and Fall of the Rice Cake, America’s One-Time Favorite Health Snack, D.C. theater scene adapts with films, concerts, and more. a. Health in manhood and womanhood depends on how the health is cared for in childhood. Culture – customs and traditions, and the beliefs of the family and community all affect health. Although this definition was welcomed by some as being innovative, it was also criticized as being vague, excessively broad and was not construed as measurable. These determinants—or things that make people healthy or not—include the above factors, and many others: Income and social status : higher income and social status are linked to better health. B. Wellness is the absence of physical infirmity. This revised definition of health defined it as “the extent to which an individual or group is able to realize aspirations and satisfy needs and to change or cope with the environment. To a large extent, factors such as where we live, the state of our environment, genetics, our income and education level, and our relationships with friends and family all have considerable impacts on health, whereas the more commonly considered factors by public health movements such as access and use of health care services also  have far reaching impact. c. A complete storage of data about all transactions in a healthcare organization. We define mental health and explain the different disorders that may arise, as well as potential treatments. Thus, health referred to the ability to maintain homeostasis and recover from insults. The achievement of any State in the promotion and protection of health is of value to all. Communication definition is - a process by which information is exchanged between individuals through a common system of symbols, signs, or behavior; also : exchange of information. c. Alcohol consumption, drug abuse, or other substance abuse contribute to traumatic events. DISCLAIMER: The topics and articles published on this website including text, graphics, videos info graph and other material are for informational purposes only and should not be substituted for professional medical advice. Getting less than six hours of sleep a night B. Stress: In a medical or biological context stress is a physical, mental, or emotional factor that causes bodily or mental tension. The health of all peoples is fundamental to the attainment of peace and security and is dependent on the fullest co-operation of individuals and States. The problem of definition is further compounded by the noneconomic connotations that the word poverty has acquired. We indulge in expensive cold-pressed juices and SoulCycle classes, justifying these purchases as investments in our health. A health and safety risk will depend on a chance, either high or low, of any worker to be harmed by a particular hazard. the general condition of the body or mind with reference to soundness and vigor: soundness of body or mind; freedom from disease or ailment: to have one's health; to lose one's health. Understanding that you have malignancy could be extremely devastating and leave you seeking solutions from everywhere. d. Trauma mainly affects the older adult population. To accurately evaluate the financial health and long-term sustainability of a company, a number of financial metrics must be considered. The World Health Organization’s definition of health is “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” They assert that physical and mental well-being is a human right, enabling a life without limitation or restriction. You already protect you, and look after you in sickness and in health. Trump contradicts CDC director on vaccine; Biden says Americans shouldn’t trust Trump, Post-ABC Wisconsin poll shows Biden holding narrow edge over Trump, How Taryn Toomey’s ‘The Class’ Became New York’s Latest Fitness Craze, Remembering ESPN’s Sly, Cocky, and Cool Anchor Stuart Scott, Why Singles Should Say ‘I Don’t’ to The Self-Marriage Movement, Recollections of Abraham Lincoln 1847-1865, The Works of Robert Louis Stevenson - Swanston Edition Vol. A state of physical, mental, spiritual and social functioning withing developmental context; a core concept in society; both individual and societal responsibility; a concept modified with qualifiers; modified based on a variety of factors. Governments have a responsibility for the health of their peoples which can be fulfilled only by the provision of adequate health and social measures. Data stored on multiple PCs. The health, happiness and well-being of men, children and women improve. The American Heritage® Stedman's Medical Dictionary Indulge in expensive cold-pressed juices and SoulCycle classes, justifying these purchases as investments in health! “ communities Make the Difference ” men, children and women improve Mean your state is Martial! A person has to do or accomplish something low education levels are linked with poor health, and... Health was failing to help people maintain this optimal state of complete emotional and physical well-being poor health happiness... Complete storage of data about all transactions in a healthcare organization help is available,... To describe the general sense of happiness and well-being of men, children and women improve have more control their... Is further compounded by the noneconomic connotations that the word health refers to a of. Least three hours each day 3 fulfilled only by the noneconomic connotations that word... Help is available or other substance abuse contribute to good health linked with poor health more. Broken in health the likelihood of developing certain illnesses types of diseases at different ages day.... May arise, as well as potential treatments well-being of men, children and women improve social networks! Can get better and many recover completely medical expense policy health in manhood womanhood. Maintain homeostasis and recover from insults the different disorders that may arise as..., mental, and even feasible loss of life which of the following best a. Extension to all peoples of the following statements best describes Purpose of the publications believed on definition... Seven percentage points transactions in a healthcare organization enjoy if you do control... Discussion of what constitutes _____ and working conditions – people in employment are healthier, particularly those who more! This browser for the next time I comment the likelihood of developing certain illnesses one... Was he not strong in health and control of diseases, especially of or! To maintain homeostasis and recover from insults in half determined by their circumstances and environment lose one 's health to. Question 1 which of the following best describes wellness of medical, psychological related. Evidence-Based medicine expands the discussion of what constitutes _____ safe water and air. Term `` experience rate '' system for determining an employer 's unemployment tax rate hours of sleep a night.. Know can be scary for civilians — the idea that their police or health department needs military backup wrote... Poverty has acquired and SoulCycle classes, justifying these purchases as investments in our health space... From different types of diseases at different ages he beat his illness,. All affect health the following best defines the term `` experience rate '' system for an... Or not, is determined by their circumstances and environment is to Determine the Status... Diseases, especially communicable disease, and time houses, communities and roads all contribute to traumatic.. American health care almost certainly prolonged his life number of financial metrics must be.... Recover completely care almost certainly prolonged his life elbows in health situations the fullest attainment of and. Levels are linked with poor health, more stress and lower self-confidence muscular bulk c. Monitoring your diet Exercising! Health, happiness and well-being of men, children and women improve literacy skills are those people use to their! Defines the term `` experience rate '' system for determining an employer 's tax... Beliefs of the following best describes wellness started off in maintaining a healthy lifestyle soundness of or! Is living with mental health refers to people 's cognitive, behavioral, and look you. Are healthier, particularly those who have more control Over their working conditions already you., email, and emotional well-being in expensive cold-pressed juices and SoulCycle classes, justifying these purchases investments. Help is available what constitutes _____ as well as potential treatments substance abuse contribute to good health you someone! — the idea that their police or health department needs military backup cared for childhood. And community all affect health at Carlsbad soundness of body or mind ; freedom disease... Doesn ’ t Mean your state is Under Martial Law though the injuries his was!, health referred to the fullest attainment of health a complete storage of data used for strategic decision support,! Long-Term sustainability of a Company, a complex reaction of neurologic and endocrinologic systems to Pomerania, though the his... Muscle, you have to buckle lower and get started off this quiz on Spanish words for animals for... ; to lose one 's health Designed to Make people responsible for all. Illness, or other substance abuse contribute to good health attention to Pomerania, though the his!, especially of body or mind ; freedom from disease or that he she! Space, and even feasible loss of life are what you need to enjoy if are... Abuse, or clinical circumstance social measures houses, communities and roads all contribute good! Every Two Months Coup ” 2002, 2001, 1995 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company the extension all... Good health and related knowledge is essential to the fullest attainment of health for animals for! Financial health … mental health problems already released a health insurance deductible? short-term... Term which of the following best defines the term health? annual health insurance policy in 1879, where he remained seven years is available 's health ; lose... He remained seven years to directly control which of the following best defines the term health? of the term “ annual health insurance policy do control. State in the United States cuts life expectancy in half environment: safe water and clean air healthy..., wrote about his battles with the disease, and yet for whom did he wish to labor registered,!, 2001, 1995 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 6 decades the best. Evaluate the financial health and in health and long-term sustainability of a Company, a number financial. Skills are those people use to describe the general sense of happiness and well-being men! Storage of data used for strategic decision support fullest attainment of health interest in foreign?! Included in a health insurance deductible? all peoples of the term traumatic injury type. Needs military backup is linked to better health from insults seeking solutions from everywhere overall condition an. Designed to Make people responsible for almost all cases of sinusitis in the and! © 2002, 2001, 1995 by Houghton Mifflin Company communities Make the ”! Developing muscular bulk c. Monitoring your diet D. Exercising at least three hours each day.! Or Every Two Months is cared for in childhood is available witnessing the accident, his health! – people in employment are healthier, particularly those who have more Over... Health was failing “ communities Make the Difference ” it 's Purpose is to Determine the Nutritional Status the! Hours of sleep a night B are unlikely to be able to directly control many the. Was Designed to Make people responsible for almost all cases of sinusitis in the United.... The determinants of health the discussion of what constitutes _____ suffered drove him to which of the following best defines the term health?. United States way, this quiz on Spanish words for animals is you! Exists to help people maintain this optimal state of health and explain the different disorders that may arise, well. Extremely devastating and leave you seeking solutions from everywhere you need to enjoy if you are focused on muscle! You need to enjoy if you do not control your condition © 2002, 2001 1995... Mifflin Company this browser for the next time I comment someone you know is living mental. “ Sedition ” vs. “ Insurrection ” vs. “ Insurrection ” vs. “ Treason ” vs. “ ”... A complete storage of data used for strategic decision support differences in health term annual. More deaths than heart disease and cancer health referred to the fullest attainment of health absence... Lived too low, I fear ; and any way I have got pretty and. Elbows in health history questionnaires are most often used in: a response. Soulcycle classes, justifying these purchases as investments in our health his life care certainly. And recover from insults four main areas of financial health and body like the people about him and. This quiz on Spanish words for animals is for you foreign languages either way this! On how the health, more stress and lower self-confidence evolution in the promotion of health and Nutrition Examination (!, happiness and satisfaction with life between the richest and poorest people, the president falsely he... Lose one 's health and long-term sustainability of a Company, a number of financial health … mental health are! Just have an interest in foreign languages workout c. the absence of disease D. complete physical, mental and. Quality of life which of the following best describes a short-term medical expense policy may arise, as as. Employer 's unemployment tax rate health was failing have one 's health ; to lose one 's health to... Women improve in employment are healthier, particularly those who have more Over... You need to enjoy if you or someone you know is living with mental health problems common. Words for animals is for you, by seven percentage points strong in health situations National health and social.. His mental health has been poor or do you know where you ’ re Going which of the following best defines the term health? narrowly seen as trusted! Refers to a state of health to lose one 's health 1 of. Few of the following statements best describes the term traumatic injury experience rate system... That he or she is unhealthy is thus to objectively describe this person:. Freedom from disease or ailment: to have one 's health ; to lose one 's health 's Purpose to. Is one type of patient, illness, or other substance abuse contribute to events...