Leaves or tender stem tips of the common pea (Pisum sativum L.) are eaten in both tropical and temperate regions, in Malawi Burma, Indonesia, China, and Japan. An increased amount of starch granules as observed in the microstructure of Cowpea and Nightshade leaves is suggested to explain their fibrous texture upon cooking. Recipes Wiki is a FANDOM Lifestyle Community. Fig. The problem of malnutrition and nutrition deficiency, as well as droughts that lead to reduction in food supply and starvation, is well documented for Sub-Saharan Africa. 3 onions With recognised nutritional value, cowpea can be consumed such as mature beans (i.e. Department of Environmental and Biosystems Engineering, University of Nairobi, P.O. Young cowpea leaves are eaten as a pot herb and enjoyed in many parts of Africa. E-mail: 3. Although cowpea is mostly utilized as a dry grain and animal fodder crop, cowpea leaves are also used as a high-protein pot herb in many countries of Africa. Pests. If the leaves are to be preserved, rather than consumed fresh, they are blanched and kneaded into a pulp that is squeezed to form balls, which are then dried in the sun. 2. 3.0 Unported Licence. A tasting panel was trained using a quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) test that was developed and used to characterize the sensory properties of dehydrated cowpea leaves. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial This was attributed to different palisade parenchyma cell lengths. Cowpea and bean are the most consumed legume leaves. The stems of cowpea are striate, smooth or slightly hairy. leaves and husks of cowpea. Sweet potato - Wikipedia Five African crops — sorghum, pearl millet, finger millet, cowpea, and hyacinth bean — somehow found their way to Gujarat in India during the Late Harappan (2000–1700 BCE). The two lateral leaves are asymmetrical, and the terminal leaf is symmetrical. Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. ... be used for harvesting dried cowpea. Pick the leaves when you are sure to cook them within 3 days. These are dried cowpea leaves, and we cooked them with groundnut flour and some chopped tomato. Dried cowpea leaf samples from the second leaf harvest of each trial were taken to the University of Götttingen, Germany,where they were milled through a 1 mm sieve to get a fine powder using a Culatti micro hammer mill (Type DFH 48). However, growth performance was unsatisfactory because a lysine deficiency was not corrected (Magouze et al., 1998). Cowpea is among the top three or four leaf vegetables in many parts of Africa, but bean is also heavily consumed. Join the Jiranileo community! Dried Slender Leaf and Nightshade leaves could be rehydrated to the equilibrium moisture content of fresh leaves upon dry storage, while it was not possible for Jute Mallow, Cowpea and Amaranthus. This was attributed to different palisade parenchyma cell lengths. Directions [edit | edit source] Cook dried cowpea leaves until tender. Reducing post-harvest losses of five species of African leafy vegetables (ALVs) by preservation through drying is studied herein. The cowpea leaves have a richer nutritional composition compared with the grains (Mamiro, 2011). The final result was a creamy dish that pairs perfectly with nshima (the Zambian staple food). Dried Slender Leaf and Nightshade leaves could be rehydrated to the equilibrium moisture content of the fresh leaves upon dry storage, while Jute Mallow, Cowpea and Amaranthus did not. Dried cowpea leaves. Add hot water to paste. In Africa, humans consume the young leaves, immature pods, immature seeds, and the mature dried seeds. Cowpea leaves are dried to store them for the dry season. L. van 't Hag, J. Danthe, S. Handschin, G. P. Mutuli, D. Mbuge and R. Mezzenga, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland, Department of Environmental and Biosystems Engineering, University of Nairobi, P.O. Please enable JavaScript Cowpeas are grown mostly for their edible beans, although the leaves, green seeds and pods can also be consumed, meaning the cowpea can be used as a food source before the dried peas are harvested. IAR-48) growing in the greenhouse Nielsen et al. sun-dried cowpea and amaranth leaves on serum BC, ret-inol, and hemoglobin levels among preschool children aged 2.5–6 years [20]. found that six (6) tonnes of fresh leaf (1 tonne dried leaf) of cowpea could supply about 800 children 4-6 years old with 10 g leaf concentrate and provide them 7.75 mg of iron per week year round (source: www.leafforlife.org>VIGNAUNG, 2016). This may take some time to load. People eat atapa with smoked fish cooked in peanut sauce or with dried cowpea leaves cooked in peanut sauce. Reproduced material should be attributed as follows: Information about reproducing material from RSC articles with different licences of freeze-dried raw cowpea leaves in the three districts of Kongwa, Singida and Arumeru, Tanzania have been reported [12]. These results show that the ALVs can be effectively preserved using the same drying method and that this can be used to fight micro-nutrient deficiencies during droughts. Dried cowpea leaves as vegetable can also be stored in water proof containers for later consumption especially in times when green vegetables are not readily available. The cowpea leaves also can be consumed as food. Cook for 10 minutes, stirring continuously. Aphids; they suck sap on leaves, stems, petioles, flowers and pods. Sort cowpea leaves, blanch for 5 minutes, dry and pound. The freshly harvested leaves are sold in local markets in many parts of Ghana, The nutrients considered were vitamins B2 and C, and β-carotene. The younger leaves are more tender, succulent and nutritional compared to the older leaves. Set aside. Its leaves are in alternate pattern and are trifoliate, the colour of the leaves is dark green and shape varies from linear-lanceolate to ovate. Mix together pigeon pea and millet flours. Despite their contribution to household food security and poverty eradication, traditional vegetables have been neglected in many research and development programs of both international and national research institutions [1217 The microbial safe moisture content of the ALVs was found to be ≤14% dry basis. Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] exhibits a considerable variation in leaf shape. Leaf morphology was studied in the cowpea RIL population, Sanzi (sub-globose leaf shape) x Vita 7 (hastate leaf shape). 1990). dried seeds, fresh pods and leaves as vegetables and the green or dried leftover parts of the plant, leaves and stems (haulms), can be used as fodder for livestock [1]. NUTRITIONAL, SENSORY AND KEEPING PROPERTIES OF FERMENTED SOLAR-DRIED COWPEA LEAF VEGETABLES. Cowpea is known as drought hardy nature, its wide and droopy leaves keeps soils and soil moisture conserved due to shading effect. Cowpea leaves have also been consumed as boiled, blanched, dried, or fermented vegetables (Kasangi, Shitandi, Shalo, & Mbugua, 2010; Kirakou et al., 2017; Muchoki, Imungi, & Lamuka, 2010). Department of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition, Add 1 tablespoon of the dried cowpea leaves and cook for another 2-3 minutes. 1 cup(s) of groundnuts (Pounded or Peanut butter) * Dried vegetable balls can be made from the leaves of various plants, and morogo wa dinawa (dinawa means “beans”) is made specifically with the iron-rich leaves of the cowpea plant. is available on our Permission Requests page. Marketing: For the Cowpea seed market, seed quality is vital, so care in harvest and post-harvest handling may be important to avoid cracked or split seed. Dried cowpea leaves. The study findings are important at pro-moting the preparation and consumption of these vegeta-bles and thereby contribution to the elimination of VAD and anemia. Like other legumes, cowpeas are cooked to make them edible, usually by boiling. Corresponding authors, a Add salt and pepper and serve. provided that the correct acknowledgement is given with the reproduced material Cowpea seeds also vary in size, shape and colour and the number of seeds per pod also varies. 3.0 Unported Licence. The higher protein (39.24%) content of the dried tender leaves was due to concentration effect. and it is not used for commercial purposes. In Africa it’s widely cultivated for it’s leaves which are widely used as a vegetable in several countries. Cowpea is often called "black-eyed pea" due to its black- or brown-ringed hylum. Quick (30 minutes or less), 500 gramme of tomatoes Quick (30 minutes or less) Ingredients [edit | edit source] 500 gramme of tomatoes 3 onions 500 gramme of cowpeas (leaves) 1 cup(s) of groundnuts (Pounded or Peanut butter) pepper salt. leaves are three -parted, egg shaped, and hairless. raffaele.mezzenga@hest.ethz.ch, b Add chopped onions, tomatoes and groundnuts. Take your favorite fandoms with you and never miss a beat. 1: Leaves of cowpea (Var. Cowpea is called the "hungry-season crop" because it is the first crop to be harvested before the cereal crops (Gomez, 2004). You do not have JavaScript enabled. 5. Charity Caroline Njambi Muchoki A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment for the Degree of Master of Science in Food Science and Technology. Fetching data from CrossRef. dried grain), green beans or green pods. Champagne Mangos with Raspberry Coulis and Cardamom Shortbread, https://recipes.fandom.com/wiki/DRIED_COWPEA_LEAVES?oldid=498524. Dried cowpea leaves, separated from the stems, were included at 5% (replacing 50% of soybean meal) with no detrimental effect on the health of growing rabbits (Magouze et al., 1998) or breeding does (Mahmoud et al., 1998). On a recent trip to East Africa, whilst enjoying the diverse traditional foods, I was stuck by the fact that food drying is not practiced there. on a weight for weight basis compared to raw cowpea The importance of harvesting cowpea leaves from grain seed, 20 % more thiamine, twice the amount of riboflavin, and plants (dual-purpose) in African subsistence farmer equal amounts of niacin (Bubenheim et al. It is also known as Bachapin Bean, Southern Pea Black Eyed Cowpea, Black Eyed Dolichos, Poona Pea Black-Eyed Pea, Rope Bean Black-Eyed Bean, Red Pea China Bean, Marble Pea, Common Cowpea, Macassar Bean, Cowgram, Cowpea, Kafir Bean, Cultivated African Cowpea, … Box 30196, Nairobi, Kenya, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland, Food & Function Recent Open Access Articles, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial Serves 2-4. 6. When fresh, the young leaves, immature pods and peas are used as vegetables, while snacks and main meal dishes are prepared from the dried grain. Natural reseeding can occur, and disking in spring can stimulate the growth of buried seed (Ball et al., 2007). salt. Add chopped onions, tomatoes and groundnuts. 4. Materials and methods Box 30196, Nairobi, Kenya, c Among West African communities, these vegetables are consumed as accompaniment with cereals or as vegetable sauces with other foods such meat and fish (Madodé et al., 2011 ). Energy efficient gentle drying conditions using superabsorbent polymers and a temperature of 40 °C were shown to preserve most leaf structures and vitamins. and has multiple uses like food, feed, forage, fodder, green manuring and vegetable. The stems, leaves, and vines serve as animal feed and are often stored for use during the dry season. Major pests & diseases. Grains, pods and leaves of the cowpea are processed and used as food ingredient by the food industry [43, 44, 45, 46]. Material from this article can be used in other publications Cowpea is mainly used for human and livestock consumption. They can be cooked like any other leafy vegetable, and can be dried and preserved to be cooked at a later date. Dried Slender Leaf and Nightshade leaves could be rehydrated to the equilibrium moisture content of fresh leaves upon dry storage, while it was not possible for Jute Mallow, Cowpea and Amaranthus. The protein content of the leaves and husks varied from 13.95 to 39.24%.The dried leaves had significantly higher (P<0.05 protein content than those of the fresh leaves and husks. You should pick the young leaves, but not the ones next to the tip of the stem. 500 gramme of cowpeas (leaves) Its fresh or dried seeds, pods and leaves are commonly used as human food. In Limpopo and Mpumalanga provinces cowpea leaves are harvested fresh as a vegetable for soup preparation or dried for later use. Cowpea grain matures earlier than cereals, hence becomes a quick source of cash before the maize, millets and cassava are harvested. The ground dried seeds is often mixed with onions and spices and fried in oil. 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