Sir John Dalrymple, William’s secretary of state for Scotland, thereupon issued an order under the king’s signature for military punishment of the MacDonalds. Historic attractions, places to visit and events. Hill wrote a letter for MacIain to give to the magistrate, explaining that he had come in time, only to the wrong place. This modern (constructed in 2002) visitor centre houses a coffee shop, store, and information centre. The troops had been billeted with the MacDonalds of Glencoe since early February and were under the command of Captain Robert Campbell of Glenlyon. This you are to putt in execution attfyve of the clock precisely; and by that time, or very shortly after it, I’ll strive to be att you with a stronger party: if I doe not come to you att fyve, you are not to tarry for me, but to fall on. History of Glencoe. Scottish History. Archaeologists are surveying the area of Glencoe, Scotland to find clues into the massacre of February 13, 1692. Lieutenant-Colonel Hamilton’s force did not enter the glen until around 11 o’clock. you are to have a speciall care that the old Fox and his sones doe upon no account escape your hands, you are to secure all the avenues that no man escape. Directed by Austin Campbell. This was because MacIain, leaving it to the last minute, had travelled to Fort William instead of Inveraray to swear the oath. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. John Campbell, earl of Breadalbane and Holland, a neighbour and an enemy of the MacDonalds, was widely suspected of planning the attack but was not its main instigator; his imprisonment in 1695 was for earlier involvement with the Jacobites. According to Tripadvisor travellers, these are the best ways to experience The Glencoe Massacre Monument: Loch Ness, Glencoe and the Highlands Private Day Tour from Edinburgh (From US$600.57) 3-Day Isle of Skye and Scottish Highlands Tour from Edinburgh, Including "Hogwarts Express" Ride (From US$609.68) Fort William and Glencoe (From US$111.10) Glencoe Massacre Memorial (Kim Traynor via Wikimedia Commons under CC BY SA-3.0) For nearly two weeks, the 100 or so soldiers lived amicably alongside the MacDonalds. Many Scottish clans had remained loyal to King James II after he was replaced on the English and Scottish thrones by William III in 1689. The Campbells have long been wrongly vilified for their role in the massacre. The nation of Scotland, although used to war and murder in its many forms, was outraged by the callousness of the massacre of Glencoe. The revolution in England had been accomplished almost without bloodshed, but in Scotland and Ireland there was armed resistance. Glenlyon’s niece had married a MacDonald and was living in the glen at the time. I think to plunder their cattle and burn their houses would only make them desperate men, who would live outside the law and rob their neighbours but I know you will agree that it will be a great advantage to the nation, when that thieving tribe is rooted out and cut off.“, “When it comes the time to deal with Glencoe, let it be secret and sudden. Glenlyon and two companies of Argyll’s Regiment marched into Glencoe on 1st February. They carry out the orders that were written by Major Robert Duncanson of Argyll’s Regiment the day before: “You are hereby ordered to fall upon the rebells, the McDonalds of Glenco, and put all to the sword under seventy. Several easy, low level, circular walks start at the center. See that this be putt in execution without feud or favour, else you may expect to be dealt with as one not true to King nor Government, nor a man fitt to carry Commissione in the Kings service. When MacIain arrived at Fort William on the 31st, the governor, an old Cromwellian and friend of the Glencoe MacDonalds, Englishman Colonel John Hill, explained that he could not administer the oath and that only the appointed magistrate in Inveraray, Sir Colin Campbell, could do so. “Letters of fire and sword,” authorizing savage attacks upon recalcitrants, were drawn up in anticipation of widespread refusals; the chiefs, however, took the oath. © Copyright 2021. Glenlyon and his men would not have been aware of what they would be later ordered to do, indeed, later testimony by soldiers involved stated that it wasn’t until the orders came through on that fateful morning did they have any idea. The total number of soldiers involved would have numbered over 900. Expecting you will not faill in the full-filling hereof, as you love your selfe, I subscribe these with my hand att Balicholis Feb: 12, 1692. Captain Drummond would later be the one that delivered the orders for the massacre to Glenlyon. This, it has to be stressed, is not just popular prejudice. It took place during a campaign against Jacobite clans in the West, with military action against Clan Maclean on the Isle of Mull, Clan Cameron in Lochaber and Clan MacDonell of Glengarry, amongst others. MacIain arrived at Inveraray and Sir Colin Campbell administered the oath on 6th of January. In the early hours of the 13th February 1692, 120 Scots Army soldiers of the Earl of Argyll’s Regiment of Foot from Fort William, carry out the Massacre of Glencoe. “I am glad Glencoe did not come within the time prescribed. The massacre was to begin simultaneously in three settlements along the glen (Invercoe, Inverrigan, and Achacon) although the killing took place all over the glen as the fleeing MacDonalds were pursued and slain. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). I am sending to Edinburgh that Glencoe, though he was mistaken in coming to you to take the oath of allegiance, might yet be welcome. It should be noted that the Massacre of Glencoe was not an isolated act by Scottish government forces. Glen Coe's main claim to infamy, the Glencoe massacre, took place nearby at 5am on the morning of 13 February 1692. The orders for dealing with the MacDonalds were passed to Sir Thomas Livingstone, the commander-in-chief of the Scots Army, and then on to Colonel John Hill at Fort William. Corrections? I hope what’s done there may be done in earnest, since the rest of them are in no condition to draw together to help. He…. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, ed. When the news reached the Scottish Privy Council in Edinburgh that MacIain had taken the oath after the deadline had passed they took the Macdonalds of Glencoe off of the indemnity list. The Massacre of Glencoe is one of the most talked about and least understood episodes in Scottish history. Colonel Hill’s Regiment under Lieutenant-Colonel James Hamilton was then to move in from Kinlochleven, via what later became known as the ‘Devils Staircase’. According to the plan, once the massacre was beginning, the remainder of Argyll’s Regiment commanded by Major Robert Duncanson was to move into the glen from Ballachulish. With James Robertson Justice, Andrew Crawford, William Dysart, David Orr. Nearby memorials sites are the Celtic cross at the Massacre of Glencoe Memorial, and plaque at Henderson Stone (Clach Eanruig). Neil Ritchie is the founder and editor of ScottishHistory.org. The order to carry out the killings would have come as a terrible shock to Glenlyon and most of his troops. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The quartering of soldiers was sometimes done as an alternative to paying land tax. In primary schools children were taught that the MacDonalds of Glencoe were massacred by the Campbells, a neighbouring clan who had an ancient animosity towards the MacDonalds. Edited and published in Ayrshire, Scotland. The claim that it was simply a Campbell-MacDonald feud appears in the mid-19th century when many were keen to absolve the government and King William from any blame. Glenlyon and two companies of Argyll’s Regiment marched into Glencoe on 1st February. MacIain was getting out of bed to investigate the noise outside when he was shot twice and fell dead on the spot. This account gives you the historical background that led up to the massacre as well as details of the massacre and the repercussions as a result of it. For many it is wrongly perceived as just one more savage episode in an age-old blood feud between the Campbells and Macdonalds. His subordinates, Lieutenant-Colonel James Hamilton and Major Robert Duncanson, do not appear to have had the same reservations. There is a haunting quality about the moor-clad mountains that stand as sentinels over the eight-mile-long glen which runs from east to west along the northern border of Argyll. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. For the Jacobites in Edinburgh it was a powerful piece of anti-government propaganda. Poems of Places: An Anthology in 31 Volumes. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Much of Scotland's early recorded history is full of violence - battles, feuds, murders, treachery. Peter R wrote a review Oct 2020. The National Trust for Scotland Visitor Center, off the A82, is a good place to start, with interactive displays that explain the development of the landscape, the local flora and fauna and this history of Glencoe, including all the complicated developments that led to the massacre. At some point along his route, he was detained by a group of government soldiers which delayed him further. To learn more about the mountains and the natural history of Glencoe, and the events which led to the infamous massacre of 1692, a visit to the nearby Visitor Centre is highly recommended. The Massacre was ordered by Sir John Dalrymple, Secretary of State of Scotland, as punishment for the MacDonald’s chief, MacIain, not swearing the oath of loyalty to the new king, William of Orange, before the deadline of 31st December 1691. However, there did not appear to be any open animosity between Glenlyon and MacIain. The Glencoe Massacre Monument: Tickets & Tours ... rannoch moor natural beauty amazing scenery ski lift take photos scottish highlands sunny day fort william road trip trip to scotland national trust west highland way visitor center massacre clouds skyfall hike campbells. Dalrymple was keen to impress King William and to show that he was the man that could effectively deal with the troublesome highlands. This is by the Kings speciall command, for the good & safety of the Country, that these miscreants be cutt off root and branch. Archaeologists from the National Trust for Scotland have excavated parts of the "lost village" of Achtriochtan at Glencoe in the Scottish Highlands, the scene of an infamous massacre in 1692. In the early hours of the 13th February 1692, Scottish Government soldiers under the command of Robert Campbell of Glenlyon carry out the Massacre of Glencoe on their MacDonald hosts.. VI-VIII The Massacre of Glencoe. But the incident which to this day still arouses the strongest passions was the massacre of the MacIans (a sept of the clan Donald) in Glen Coe in 1692. The ‘Devils Staircase’ was given its name by soldiers involved in the construction of Major William Caulfeild’s military road from Kinlochleven to Glencoe in 1752. The Glencoe Massacre. Planned and ordered by the Secretary of State of Scotland, approved by the Scottish Privy Council and carried out by elements of the Scots Army, the Massacre of Glencoe was not a clan feud, it was state policy from Edinburgh. In that incident, 38 people from the MacDonald Clan of Glencoe were killed by the very visitors (from the first and second companies of the Earl of Argyll) welcomed by the MacDonald Clan. The story of the Glencoe Massacre is one every British person knows. Looking downhill towards the mouth of the Glencoe Valley in decent weather. According to Tripadvisor travelers, these are the best ways to experience The Glencoe Massacre Monument: Loch Ness, Glencoe and the Highlands Private Day Tour from Edinburgh (From $600.57) 3-Day Isle of Skye and Scottish Highlands Tour from Edinburgh, Including "Hogwarts Express" Ride (From $609.68) Fort William and Glencoe (From $111.10) Treason! When the full force of the King’s Justice is seen to come down upon them, that example will be as conspicuous and useful as is his clemency to others. (Image credit: Derek Alexander/National Trust for Scotland) Many of the clan escaped, but the chief, 33 other men, 2 women, and 2 children were killed. On the Massacre of Glencoe. All rights reserved. Working with Sir Thomas Livingstone, the military commander in Scotland, Dalrymple secured the king's blessing for taking measures against those who had not given the oath in time. MacIain would have passed through Glencoe and his own house but probably had no time to stop. Glencoe. In the months leading up to the Massacre, large numbers of Scottish government troops were sent to Fort William as army commanders prepared for operations against the Jacobite clans. Politics in this period were complex and a simplified version is quite often presented for easier – and often incorrect – understanding. They had orders for ‘free quarter’, claiming that there was no room at Fort William due to the large number of soldiers stationed there, and requested hospitality, which the MacDonalds granted. Unique Cottages | Electric Scotland's Classified Directory: The Massacre of Glencoe: The infamous massacre of the Macdonalds by the Campbells. I understand the weather is so bad that you will be unable to move for some time but I know you will be in action as soon as possible, for these false people will not hesitate to attack you if they come to suspect you might be a threat to them.“. Massacre! Massacre of Glencoe, (February 13, 1692), in Scottish history, the treacherous slaughter of members of the MacDonald clan of Glencoe by soldiers under Archibald Campbell, 10th earl of Argyll. Murder! The delay could also have been due to the weather conditions. Regions Inverness, Highlands and Islands Who ordered the Massacre of Glencoe? The Massacre of Glencoe. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. But with the National Trust for Scotland, which today owns much of the glen, preparing to launch a new, £300,000 archaeological investigation into its history, now is an opportune moment to reconsider the events of 1692. The infamy of the massacre of Glencoe is not so much in the numbers killed, but in the way it was carried out. It’s known for its magical landscape, which has made it a popular filming location for movies such as Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, Rob Roy, and Highlander.But Glencoe is also remembered for a story of clan betrayal that led to a tragic and bloody Glencoe Massacre in 1692. The first historical figure connected with Glencoe was Fingal, one of the greatest Celtic heroes and leader of the Feinn, warriors of Gaelic mythology.The glen was his legendary home and his memory is preserved in a number of place names, for … Despite the reputation the event has retained, contemporaries seem to have viewed it less seriously. The true story of the events leading up to the infamous massacre of the Macdonalds by the Campbells in February of 1692. He can be found on Twitter: @NeilRitchie86. It is understood that the soldiers were under the command of Captain Thomas Drummond of Argyll’s regiment. Some accounts say the massacre began with Glenlyon’s men firing their muskets, possibly in the hope that the noise would alert their hosts, giving many time to escape. This is by the Kings speciall command, for the good & safety of the Country, that these miscreants be cutt off root and branch. It is better not to meddle with them at all, if it cannot be done to purpose, and better to cut off that nest of robbers who have fallen foul of the law, now, when we have both the power and the opportunity. “You are hereby ordered to fall upon the rebells, the McDonalds of Glenco, and put all to the sword under seventy. Colonel Hill was deeply troubled by the orders and it appears that he was by-passed at some stage. Although led by a Campbell, regimental rolls show that Campbells made up only a small number in the detachment sent to Glencoe and the Campbells in neighbouring lands gave shelter to the surviving MacDonalds. you are to have a speciall care that the old Fox and his sones doe upon no account escape your hands, you are to secure all the avenues that no man escape. Betrayal! Glenlyon’s estates neighboured the MacDonald lands and they had been ravaged by the MacDonalds in the past, the most recent when MacDonald clansmen were returning home following the Battle of Dunkeld. Updates? More than 100 of Argyll’s soldiers, who had been quartered amicably upon the MacDonalds for more than a week, suddenly attacked them. In 1692 Alexander MacDonald of Glen Coe…, …refusal of the Macdonalds of Glencoe to join in the submission to him that he organized a terrible massacre that made his name notorious. See that this be putt in execution without feud or favour, else you may expect to be dealt with as one not true to King nor Government, nor a man fitt to carry Commissione in the Kings service. He is known as the “Curse of Scotland” for his part in the Glencoe Massacre which took place on this day in 1692. This you are to putt in execution attfyve of the clock precisely; and by that time, or very shortly after it, I’ll strive to be att you with a stronger party: if I doe not come to you att fyve, you are not to tarry for me, but to fall on. The revolution in England had been accomplished almost without bloodshed, but in Scotland and Ireland there was armed resistance. When two advance units were sent to Glencoe on the 1st February they were under the command of Captain Robert Campbell of Glen Lyon, an alcoholic gambler who had gambled away most of his estates. Articles, commentary and reviews. Omissions? The MacDonalds of Glencoe and the Campbells of Glenlyon fought together on the Jacobite side during the Jacobite Rebellion of 1715. Expecting you will not faill in the full-filling hereof, as you love your selfe, I subscribe these with my hand att Balicholis Feb: 12, 1692.For their Majesties service”. 1876-79. Sir Walter Scott (1771-1832). Landowners are being asked to donate turf to help reconstruct a traditional ‘creel’ house in Glencoe that would have stood at the time of infamous massacre of 1692. Perhaps the delay was on purpose and the orders designed as a false reassurance to Glenlyon that he wasn’t going to be acting on his own. MacIain left Fort William with Colonel Hill’s letter and made the arduous journey south to Inveraray in horrendous winter conditions, his progress would have been slow. So-called because of the difficulties of carrying the materials up the steep stretch of the road. They had orders for ‘free quarter’, claiming that there was no room at Fort William due to the large number of soldiers stationed there, and requested hospitality, which the MacDonalds granted. In 1691, King William the Third, recognising the resurgence of the Jacobite cause, ordered all the clan chiefs to sign an oath of allegiance by 1st January 1692. Also located in the village, but along the A82, is the Glencoe Visitor Centre, run by the National Trust for Scotland. His two sons, John and Alexander were able to escape. For it was the site of the infamous Glencoe Massacre in February 13, 1692. Since the soldiers had committed the massacre as guests of the MacDonalds, the Massacre of Glencoe was a clear example of Murder under Trust, or ‘Slaughter under Trust’ in Scots Law. Glencoe is a village located in the Scottish Highlands about 90 miles north of Glasgow. The exhibition at the visitor centre includes a 15 minute video presentation about the massacre. Glencoe is one of the most spectacular areas of unspoiled wilderness in Scotland. Massacre of Glencoe, (February 13, 1692), in Scottish history, the treacherous slaughter of members of the MacDonald clan of Glencoe by soldiers under Archibald Campbell, 10th earl of Argyll.Many Scottish clans had remained loyal to King James II after he was replaced on the English and Scottish thrones by William III in 1689. Alexander MacDonald of Glencoe postponed his submission until December 31, 1691, and was then unable to take his oath until January 6 because there was no magistrate at Fort William to receive it. We’ll stop off at the slate quarry and the National Trust visitor centre to learn the story of the 1692 massacre of Glencoe. This collapsed in Scotland in 1689, but the country remained troubled and unsettled throughout William’s reign. In 1696 he was made a lord of the treasury, and his political services were rewarded in 1701 by his being created duke of Argyll. There are reports that some of the soldiers got a number of people to safety, with others shouting warnings, however, 38 MacDonald men were killed by the troops and dozens more MacDonalds, including women and children, would later perish in the freezing blizzard conditions sweeping the glen after they had fled, their houses having been set on fire. The aftermath of the Jacobite Rising of 1689. The Battle of Killiecrankie: The First Jacobite Campaign, 1689-1691, (2018), Jonathan D. Oates, Helion and Company, Glencoe and the End of the Highland War, (1998), Paul Hopkins, John Donald Publishers Ltd. ScottishHistory.org is an online publication covering the history and heritage of Scotland. Much of the glen is owned by the National Trust for Scotland. An inquiry was held and Scottish … Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/event/Massacre-of-Glencoe, British Broadcasting Corporation - The Massacre of Glen Coe, Electric Scotland - The Massacre of Glencoe, John Campbell, earl of Breadalbane and Holland, Archibald Campbell, 10th earl and 1st duke of Argyll, John Campbell, 1st earl of Breadalbane and Holland. Neil is also the editor of other online publications covering military history, defence and security. 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